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djyliett [7]
3 years ago
6

Why do proteins have to have a 3d shape in order to function properly?

Biology
2 answers:
stiks02 [169]3 years ago
7 0
Protein is made up of a sequence of amino acids. The shape of the protein is usually characterize by the sequence of amino acids present. The functionality of protein is based on its shape. The shape of the protein can be a primary, secondary and tertiary. Tertiary structure of the protein allows it to interact or bind with other molecule in a specific way to perform a specific task.
olga55 [171]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Proteins are the biomolecule present inside the the living organisms. Proteins are made of the polymers of the amino acids that are linked together by peptide bond.

Proteins are biologically active in its 3D conformation and shape. The 3D shape of the protein is achieved by the proper sequence of the amino acids and its folding. Any change in 3D structure of the protein will result in the loss of biological activity of the protein because of the alteration in the amino acid sequence. The 3D shape of proteins is important as it helps the enzymes to work properly to carry out chemical reactions of the body.

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Which of the following is the largest particle in soil? A-clay B-sand C-silt D-humus
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Cite particularly the difference in the synthesis of the two biomolecules in animals and plants.
Sonja [21]

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The preceding section reviewed the major metabolic reactions by which the cell obtains and stores energy in the form of ATP. This metabolic energy is then used to accomplish various tasks, including the synthesis of macromolecules and other cell constituents. Thus, energy derived from the breakdown of organic molecules (catabolism) is used to drive the synthesis of other required components of the cell. Most catabolic pathways involve the oxidation of organic molecules coupled to the generation of both energy (ATP) and reducing power (NADH). In contrast, biosynthetic (anabolic) pathways generally involve the use of both ATP and reducing power (usually in the form of NADPH) for the production of new organic compounds. One major biosynthetic pathway, the synthesis of carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O during the dark reactions of photosynthesis, was discussed in the preceding section. Additional pathways leading to the biosynthesis of major cellular constituents (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) are reviewed in the sections that follow.

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Carbohydrates

In addition to being obtained directly from food or generated by photosynthesis, glucose can be synthesized from other organic molecules. In animal cells, glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) usually starts with lactate (produced by anaerobic glycolysis), amino acids (derived from the breakdown of proteins), or glycerol (produced by the breakdown of lipids). Plants (but not animals) are also able to synthesize glucose from fatty acids—a process that is particularly important during the germination of seeds, when energy stored as fats must be converted to carbohydrates to support growth of the plant. In both animal and plant cells, simple sugars are polymerized and stored as polysaccharides.

Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of pyruvate to glucose—essentially the reverse of glycolysis. However, as discussed earlier, the glycolytic conversion of glucose to pyruvate is an energy-yielding pathway, generating two molecules each of ATP and NADH. Although some reactions of glycolysis are readily reversible, others will proceed only in the direction of glucose breakdown, because they are associated with a large decrease in free energy. These energetically favorable reactions of glycolysis are bypassed during gluconeogenesis by other reactions (catalyzed by different enzymes) that are coupled to the expenditure of ATP and NADH in order to drive them in the direction of glucose synthesis. Overall, the generation of glucose from two molecules of pyruvate requires four molecules of ATP, two of GTP, and two of NADH. This process is considerably more costly than the simple reversal of glycolysis (which would require two molecules of ATP and two of NADH), illustrating the additional energy required to drive the pathway in the direction of biosynthesis.

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