Answer:
1. action
2. failure
3. permission
4. loss
5. thought/thinking
Explanation:
Nominalization or nouning is the transformation of verbs into nouns. Most times, such a transformation will require some alteration or other to be made, mostly through the use of suffixes, which changes the ending of the original word. However, there are nominalizations that require no change at all, the difference between verb and noun being revealed through context.
Some common suffixes for nominalization are -ation, -ance, and -ment.
Having that in mind, let's change the verbs given in the question into nouns:
1. to act - action
2. to fail - failure
3. to permit - permission
4. to lose - loss
5. to think - thought/thinking
The effect that this response has on the speaker is that the speaker’s mental state shifts more and more toward madness.
The raven is constantly repeating the same word - nevermore. In the beginning, the narrator just thought it was a weird coincidence that the bird should say that one single word, but as time passes by, the weight of that word becomes unbearable as the narrator realizes that this word can be applied to all of his questions. So as time goes by, the narrator becomes more and more depressed about not being allowed to see his beloved and thus he falls into madness.
santiago built a display case for the crystal
The “helping words” are missing so I believe this line is a Metaphor.
