Surely only a few of us know that many modern high-school-level concepts in mathematics first were developed in Africa, as was the first method of counting. More than 35,000 years ago, Egyptians scripted textbooks about math that included division and multiplication of fractions and geometric formulas to calculate the area and volume of shapes (3). Distances and angles were calculated, algebraic equations were solved and mathematically based predictions were made of the size of floods of the Nile. The ancient Egyptians considered a circle to have 360 degrees and estimated Π at 3.16 (3).
Eight thousand years ago, people in present-day Zaire developed their own numeration system, as did Yoruba people in what is now Nigeria. The Yoruba system was based on units of 20 (instead of 10) and required an impressive amount of subtraction to identify different numbers. Scholars have lauded this system, as it required much abstract reasoning (4).
Astronomy
Several ancient African cultures birthed discoveries in astronomy. Many of these are foundations on which we still rely, and some were so advanced that their mode of discovery still cannot be understood. Egyptians charted the movement of the sun and constellations and the cycles of the moon. They divided the year into 12 parts and developed a yearlong calendar system containing 365 ¼ days (3). Clocks were made with moving water and sundial-like clocks were used (3).
A structure known as the African Stonehenge in present-day Kenya (constructed around 300 B.C.) was a remarkably accurate calendar (5). The Dogon people of Mali amassed a wealth of detailed astronomical observations (6). Many of their discoveries were so advanced that some modern scholars credit their discoveries instead to space aliens or unknown European travelers, even though the Dogon culture is steeped in ceremonial tradition centered on several space events. The Dogon knew of Saturn’s rings, Jupiter’s moons, the spiral structure of the Milky Way and the orbit of the Sirius star system. Hundreds of years ago, they plotted orbits in this system accurately through the year 1990 (6). They knew this system contained a primary star and a secondary star (now called Sirius B) of immense density and not visible to the naked eye.
Metallurgy and tools
Many advances in metallurgy and tool making were made across the entirety of ancient Africa. These include steam engines, metal chisels and saws, copper and iron tools and weapons, nails, glue, carbon steel and bronze weapons and art (2, 7).
Advances in Tanzania, Rwanda and Uganda between 1,500 and 2,000 years ago surpassed those of Europeans then and were astonishing to Europeans when they learned of them. Ancient Tanzanian furnaces could reach 1,800°C — 200 to 400°C warmer than those of the Romans (8).
The Pharisees' legalistic approach led them to creating an ever-more complex system of rules, and their extra-dutiful observance of law focused on external obedience to rules more than internal attitudes of the heart.
Jewish rabbinical tradition counted 613 commands stipulated in the Law given to Israel by Moses. For the Pharisees (meaning "those who are set apart"), that wasn't enough. They sought to set themselves apart from the common man by the way they applied the Law to every detail of their lives, making their own specific rules for specific situations. So as new situations arose, new religious rules were imposed. The Pharisees' body of law was something like the US tax code in that way! They gave particular focus to all the ways that one should obey the rule of resting on the Sabbath.
In the process, the Pharisees also paid primary attention to outward adherence to rules. The spirit of the Law as originally given was aimed at conforming persons' hearts to the ways of God. But following the laws of the Pharisees became more focused on maintaining outward consistency with the rituals and regulations they had established. In regard to the Sabbath, the original intent was so that people would stop other activities in order to give full attention to God and his Word. For the Pharisees, the focus of the Sabbath became more about regulating how much activity was considered allowable or not in different situations.
Peace was to be established after the commencement of World War I. Hence Peace conference was held and more than thirty countries participated in it.
It was also called the Versailles peace conference and it also denoted the end of the wold war I.
Treaty possessed a cruel statement which Germany loathed. It was asked to pay huge amount as restitution expenses which created huge panic and tensions that lead to instability of German economy.
Answer:
um i think its false
Explanation:
i brainiest is earned its greatly Appreciated
