The correct answer is: the Chinese invented the odometer, which was used for measuring distances traveled.
An odometer or odograph is an instrument used for measuring the distance travelled by a vehicle, such as a bicycle or car. The device may be electronic, mechanical, or a combination of the two. Early forms of the odometer existed in the Ancient China.
The "new immigrants" who immigrated to the United States after the Civil War primarily came from all of the following countries except "Poland", since the other three nations from the list were far more prominent.