Which historical period did marco polo's travels inspire?

4. What made the Byzantine emperors more powerful than western European

padilas [110]

During the Early Middle Ages, Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire was more advanced than Western Europe. The Byzantines continued to practice Roman culture while most of Western Europe reverted from Roman influence. Classical writings were preserved and copied by Byzantine scholars. Byzantine science was a continuation of Classical Science and it was closely connected with ancient pagan philosophy and metaphysics. They made great innovation in areas of physics, mathematics, and medicine. Byzantines also made advances in architecture such as Cross in Square, Pendentive Dome, and Pointed Arch Bridge. Byzantines had advanced military technology such as the counterweight trebuchet, Greek Fire and incendiary grenades. Their city of Constantinople was protected by the Theodosian Walls which protected them from sieges until the Ottoman Conquest in 1453.

4 0

2 years ago

How did early Arabs organize their lives?

seropon [69]

They organized their lives by expanding their trade routes by spreading further in the desert also become major carriers of good.

5 0

3 years ago

Effects of the Cuban Revolution on the Caribbean

Komok [63]

Impact of the Cuban Revolution

By most social and economic indicators, Cuba by mid-century was among Latin America’s most highly developed countries. However, in the postwar period it was afflicted with lacklustre economic growth and a corrupt political dictatorship set up in 1952 by the same Batista who earlier had helped put his country on a seemingly democratic path. It was also a country whose long history of economic and other dependence on the United States had fed nationalist resentment, although control of the sugar industry and other economic sectors by U.S. interests was gradually declining. While conditions for revolutionary change were thus present, the particular direction that Cuba took owed much to the idiosyncratic genius of Fidel Castro, who, after ousting Batista at the beginning of 1959, proceeded by stages to turn the island into the hemisphere’s first communist state, in close alliance with the Soviet Union.

The Cuban Revolution achieved major advances in health and education, though frankly sacrificing economic efficiency to social objectives. Expropriation of most private enterprise together with Castro’s highly personalistic dictatorship drove many members of the middle and upper classes into exile, but a serious decline in productivity was offset for a time by Soviet subsidies. At the same time, thanks to its successful defiance of the United States—which tried and failed to overthrow it by backing a Cuban exiles’ invasion in April 1961—and its evident social advances, Castro’s Cuba was looked to as a model throughout Latin America, not only by established leftist parties but also by disaffected students and intellectuals of mainly middle-class origin.

Over the following years much of Latin America saw an upsurge of rural guerrilla conflict and urban terrorism, in response to the persistence of stark social inequality and political repression. But this upsurge drew additional inspiration from the Cuban example, and in many cases Cuba provided training and material support to guerrillas. The response of Latin American establishments was twofold and eagerly supported by the United States. On one hand, governments strengthened their armed forces, with U.S. military aid preferentially geared to counterguerrilla operations. On the other hand, emphasis was placed on land reform and other measures designed to eliminate the root causes of insurgency, all generously aided by the United States through the Alliance for Progress launched by President John F. Kennedy.

Even though much of the reactive social reformism was cosmetic or superficial, the counterrevolutionary thrust was nonetheless generally successful. A Marxist, Salvador Allende, became president of Chile in 1970, but he did so by democratic election, not violent revolution, and he was overthrown three years later. The only country that appeared to be following the Cuban pattern was Nicaragua under the Sandinista revolutionary government, which in the end could not withstand the onslaughts of its domestic and foreign foes. Moreover, the Cuban Revolution ultimately lost much of its lustre even in the eyes of the Latin American left, once the collapse of the Soviet Union caused Cuba to lose its chief foreign ally. Although the U.S. trade embargo imposed on Cuba had been a handicap all along, shortages of all kinds became acute only as Russian aid was cut back, clearly revealing the dysfunctional nature of Castro’s economic management.

Political alternatives

Movement toward democracy

The Latin American countries that did not opt for the Cuban model followed widely varying political paths. Mexico’s unique system of limited democracy built around the Institutional Revolutionary Party was shaken by a wave of riots in the summer of 1968 on the eve of the Olympic Games held in Mexico City, but political stability was never seriously in doubt. A somewhat analogous regime was devised in Colombia as a means of restoring civilian constitutional rule after a brief relapse in the mid-1950s into military dictatorship: the dominant Liberal and Conservative parties chose to bury the hatchet, creating a bipartisan coalition (called the National Front) whereby they shared power equally between themselves while formally shutting out any minor parties. Once this arrangement expired in 1974, Colombia became again a more conventional political democracy, such as Costa Rica had been since before 1950 and Venezuela became in 1958 after the overthrow of its last military dictator.

3 0

3 years ago

Describe the qualities of Maharana Pratap

Alex_Xolod [135]

Answer:

Maharana Pratap was a brave and patriotic Rajput with love for his motherland. He was an egoistic but responsible person. He Could have finished him self instead of going into exile but for the sake of his family's responsibility he struggles and survives.

Explanation:

5 0

2 years ago

95 POINTS !!!! PLEASE HELP ASAP!!! BTW I'LL REPORT ANYONE WHO JUS ANSWERS FOR THE POINTS!!!! Write a 200 worded (or just make it

lord [1]

Answer:

-South Africa’s ambassador to China has according to state media compared Nelson Mandela to Mao Zedong, the Communist leader whose rule saw tens of millions killed by famine and the chaos of the Cultural Revolution.

"They were both very strong leaders who fought for the liberation of their people, and who also contributed to laying the foundation for further development in society," South African ambassador Bheki Langa was quoted as saying by China’s official news agency Xinhua.

He added that Mandela, whose death was mourned Tuesday in Soweto by dozens of world leaders — not including China’s President Xi Jinping — "valued the contribution the Chinese people, government and Party had made in ending the obnoxious system of apartheid in South Africa".

Xinhua headlined its report: "Mandela, Mao shared similarities: S. Africa ambassador".

In the West, Mao’s legacy is principally associated with the Great Leap Forward, the late-1950s industrialisation campaign that triggered widespread starvation, with academic estimates as high as 45 million deaths, and the Cultural Revolution, a bloody and turbulent social upheaval during the 1960s and 70s which remains a sensitive topic in the country.

Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize and is widely hailed as an emblem of reconciliation for his role in South Africa’s transition to democracy.

A South African embassy spokeswoman declined to elaborate on Langa’s comments.

China and South Africa have stepped up their economic ties in recent years, and Pretoria has twice denied the Dalai Lama — the exiled Tibetan spiritual leader condemned as a separatist by Beijing — a visa.

Within China, supporters of Mao tend to focus on the late leader’s earlier revolutionary years, including his role in the 1949 founding of the People’s Republic.

President Xi has sought to capitalise on the sentiment by invoking Maoist doctrine in some of his rhetoric, and Chinese authorities are reportedly spending billions of dollars on celebrations of the 120th anniversary of Mao’s birth on December 26.

In the days since Mandela’s death, Chinese state print and broadcast media have run reports highlighting the late South African leader’s praise of Mao.

But Mandela’s remarks seem to have focused on Mao’s military tactics during China’s civil war rather than on his legacy as China’s leader.

In his 1994 autobiography "Long Walk to Freedom", Mandela hailed Mao’s "determination and non-traditional thinking" in leading the Communists to victory, which he read about in American journalist Edgar Snow’s seminal book on the Chinese leader.

In an interview with Time magazine’s Richard Stengel, Mandela praised Mao’s military tactics during the Long March, which he described as "a miracle".

He added that Snow was "not a communist" and had an "advantage because he could also criticise" Mao.

During the struggle against apartheid the Chinese Communist Party supported the Pan Africanist Congress, a rival to Mandela’s Moscow-backed ANC, and it was not until 1998, four years into his presidential term, that diplomatic ties between the two were established.

Explanation:

3 0

3 years ago