The first of three Reconstruction Amendments after the Civil War; it was passed in 1865 in order to permanently and irreversibly ban and forbid slavery in the territory of the United States except when used to punish a criminal offense irrespective of the offender’s race.
It applies to the actions of private citizens and is currently used to forbid and prevent sex-trafficking and/or any kind of slavery or indentured servitude.
The main way in which artisan guilds changed labor and social class in medieval Europe is that it gave the artisans, who were mostly members of the lower class, more power--since these guilds acted somewhat like a modern "union" and helped them negotiate better pay.
A. because there were lees rich than poor poeple.
