Question

3) Which experimental approach would be the most effective and easiest to clearly determine the evolutionary relationship between these two organisms? (Starfish) (Snake) A) Sequence the same gene in both species to compare their similarity. B) Dissect specimens of both species to look for homologous structures. C) Search fossil databases to locate a common ancestor D) Evaluate cells from both species to determine whether they contain enzymes.

Answer 1

Answer:

The answer is A) Sequence the same gene in both species to compare their similarities.

Explanation:

To determine evolutionary relationships between two organisms, scientists use the following tools:

• Fossil Record:

The fossil record is the oldest methods to determine homology or ancestral relationships between two organisms. Similarities in the fossils and the sequence of arrangement of rock strata have helped scientists determine a chronological order of the evolution of organisms. The fossil record has been a consistent evidence of Darwin's theory of descent with modification.

• Comparative anatomy:

The investigation of similar and diverse structures in different organisms to determine their ancestry. Homologous structures are anatomical features that are structurally diverse but they descend from one common ancestor.

• DNA Sequence Analysis:

DNA sequence analysis is the most effective way to determine similarities between two organisms. The sequence of nucleotide bases defines the amino acid acid sequence of the encoded protein. Two organisms with similar DNA sequences would consequently have similar amino acid sequences in their proteins. The greater the homology between the DNA sequences, greater is the chance that the organisms evolved from a common ancestor.