The answer is fertilization.
Fertilization is the process in which two haploid gametes fuse to create one diploid cell. <span>In this process, male sperm fuses with female egg which creates a zygote. Since they are haploid (n), after fertilization, they will create the zygote which contains chromosomes from the sperm and chromosomes from the egg. The zygote, thus, has two sets of chromosomes, so it is diploid (2n).</span>
Maintain homeostasis - eg. blood sugar control by insulin and glucagon.<span>
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<span> Two daughter cells for each parent cell undergoing mitosis.
Each daughter cell has 10 chromosomes in this example. </span>
Answer:
The correct insulin pathway is described as under:
2. Binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of the insulin receptor
8. Activation of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase
3. Phosphorylation of IRS proteins
6. Phosphorylation of phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K)
4. Conversion of PIP2 to PIP3
7. Activation of PIP3-dependent protein kinase B (PDK1)
5. Glut4 receptors transported to the cell membrane
Explanation:
The insulin signaling pathway is described as under:
RTK (receptor tyrosine kinases) which is a receptor for insulin is an extracellular receptor but in contrast to other cell surface receptors it is catalytic in nature. In the absence of insulin (ligand), it is monomeric but as soon as it gets activated (activation occurs upon ligand binding), it undergo dimerization. It leads to auto-phosphorylation in it's tyrosine residue which subsequently leads to phosphorylation of tyrosine residue of other receptors. Such hyper-phosphorylated receptor have high affinity with enzyme/molecule like IRS protein which have SH2 domain . IRS down stream activates phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K). This enzyme converts component of animal cell membrane PIP2 into PIP3. PIP3 also remains membrane bound but it has the potential to phosphorylate another enzyme named as PIP3-dependent protein kinase B (PDK1). Further, PDK1 leads to the activation of Akt or PK-B. Akt is a serine-threonine kinase which ultimately leads to the recruitment of Glut4 receptors on cell membrane for uptake of more and more glucose into the cell.
Note: Apart from this Akt also phosphorylates another protein named as FOXO which ultimately causes cell growth, Akt can also phosphorylate BAD protein so as to restrict cell apoptosis or we can say it leads to cell survival, Akt also leads to translation in a cell with the help of mTOR raptor etc.
Answer:
Option (B).
Explanation:
Mixture may be defined as the solution obtained by mixing of two or more substances together. Two different types of mixture are homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture.
Homogeneous mixture may be defined as the mixture that has uniform composition throughout the mixture and cannot be separated easily by physical shaking process. Heterogeneous mixture are the mixtures that has different composition throughout the mixture and can be separated by simple shaking.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B).
