Adaptations can give an organism a competitive edge but adaptations are not always used for completion against other species
Transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell. RNA polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds and unzips a portion of DNA. RNA nucleotides match the DNA strand forming mRNA. In mRNA thymine is replaced by uracil. Once mRNA is formed it leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore into the cytoplasm. The purpose of mRNA is to remove the protein code out of the nucleus without pulling the DNA out. mRNA then needs to find ribosomes in the cytoplasm which can be found on the rough ER. mRNA has read three bases at the same time and these are called codons. Ribosomes read the mRNA code and add the correct amino acid using tRNA. tRNA has an anti-codon on one end which will match a specific codon, and a specific amino acid on the other end. This will make translation happen.
Translation- mRNA attaches to a ribosome and a start codon must be read. tRNA brings the first amino acid which matches the codon on mRNA. The next tRNA molecule moves in and matches with the codon on mRNA while amino acids form a peptide bond. First tRNA detaches itself and mRNA shifts for the next tRNA molecule to come in. Protein grows until a stop codon is reached and then it's ready to finish folding to become functional.
Answer:
simple. the root word mono means one
the root word poly means many.
Answer:
C. The green allele is recessive to the yellow allele
Explanation:
Complete dominance occurs when one gene variant or allele referred to as the 'dominant allele' completely masks the expression of another allele referred to as the 'recessive allele' in heterozygous individuals, i.e., in individuals carrying one copy of the dominant allele and one copy of the recessive allele for a particular locus/gene (whereas homo-zygous individuals carry the same alleles for a given locus/gene). Mendel crossed pure lines of pea plants, i.e., homo-zygous lines for different traits such as seed color (yellow and green) and seed shape (round and wrinkled). In this case, the parental cross was YY x yy, where the 'Y' allele is dominant and encodes for yellow seed color, and the 'y' allele is recessive and encodes for green seed color. From this cross, Mendel obtained a hybrid F1 (i.e., all progeny was heterozygous with genotype Yy). An expected 3:1 ratio as observed in this case (6,022 yellow and 2,001 green seed >> 3:1 ratio) is characteristic of the progeny that results from mating between F1 heterozygous parents, where each parent has one dominant allele and one recessive allele, i.e., F1 parental cross: Yy x Yy >> F2: 1/4 YY (yellow color); 1/2 Yy (yellow color); 1/4 (green color) >> 3:1 ratio of yellow to green seeds.
Answer:
Positively charged ions
Explanation:
Histones are a group of proteins with a N-terminal end of an amino acid, that binds to the DNA in the nucleus helping it to condense into Chromatin. DNA wraps around a core of proteins to initially form the NUCLEOSO ME structure, which is the basic subunit of Chromatin. Each nucleosome is made up of DNA coiled around two copies (2) of proteins- H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, to form a set of eight proteins called histone octamer.
Due to the phosphate group (PO4-) embedded in the DNA molecule, they assume a negative charge. The positively charged ions of the N(C) terminal end of histones which arise from the amino acid group they contain allows it to bind tightly to negatively charged DNA i.e. the more positively and negatively charged the histone and DNA are respectively, the tighter the binding.
Due to this property, the proteins that binds to DNA in E.coli, should possess a positive charge in similarity to histones in eukaryotes.
