Answer:
Explanation:
Cells generate energy from the controlled breakdown of food molecules. ... View Terms of Use molecules that other cells rely on for the energy required to sustain growth, metabolism, ... proteins that span the cell membrane permit specific molecules into the cell, Figure 2: Cells can incorporate nutrients by phagocytosis.
Answer:
Fraternal twins are “dizygotic,” meaning that they developed from two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm cells, while identical twins are “monozygotic” i.e., they developed from a single fertilized egg that split.
Explanation:
Short Answer: The amygdala is located in the brain and its functions are related to emotional learning.
Explanation
The amygdala is a brain structure located in the temporal lobe of the brain. Its functions are related to the emotional system of the brain, and memory. In addition, the amygdala has been shown to influence the emotional learning process. The amygdala is mainly responsible for the formation and storage of memories associated with emotional events, so external sensory stimuli reach the basolateral group of the amygdala, where associations are formed with memories of the stimulus (mainly related to fear).
Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
