This would be from Rock and plant remains. Due to time and different elements that caused the rock to weather, it added mineral particles to the soil most especially those the ones on top.
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The hummus contents of the soil are derived from the organic content of that fall on the soil from above and these forms by the microorganism and the nutrients that help improve soil fertility.
The hummus is layered in various zones depending on the type of horizon. Like the O, A, B, C, E, and H and the hummus being a colloidal substance has a cation exchange capacity, its biochemical composition helps to sustain the acidic and alkaline conditions.
