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seraphim [82]
3 years ago
13

Which of the following processes transfers carbon directly from sea organisms to sea water? Diffusion Evaporation Photosynthesis

Respiration
Biology
1 answer:
astra-53 [7]3 years ago
4 0

The correct answer is diffusion.

Aquatic respiration refers to the procedure whereby an aquatic animal attains oxygen from water. Fish and other aquatic species utilize gills to consume oxygen dissolved in the water and diffuse carbon dioxide out of the bloodstream.

Diffusion is a procedure in which a substance moves from a region of high concentration to the region of low concentration until equilibrium is attained. In the case of aquatic species, blood with a low concentration of oxygen molecules moves through the gills. The concentration of the oxygen molecules in water is greater in comparison to the concentration of oxygen molecules in the gills.

As a consequence, the molecules of oxygen diffuse from water (higher concentration) to a region of lower concentration, that is blood. In the same manner, the molecules of carbon dioxide diffuse from the blood, that is, high concentration to water, that is, low concentration.


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Differentiate Humoral immunity vs cell mediated immunity
trapecia [35]

Answer:

Cell-mediated immunity develops through a network of interactions that results in defense against microorganisms that survive within phagocytes or other cells. The response is initiated by the recognition of intracellular microorganism antigen by T cells through the histocompatibility complex. In the CD8 response, only the target cell carrying the class I associated antigen can be lysed or induced to apoptosis. In another mechanism of the cellular response, CD4 + Th1 T cells activate, for example, cytokine-infected macrophages such as IFN. When a pathogen resists the effects of activated macrophages, chronic infection may develop.

The hormonal immunity response leads to the destruction of extracellular microorganisms and prevents or decreases the spread of intracellular cells by neutralizing, opsonizing and activating the complement system.

4 0
3 years ago
Juvenile ____________________ arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that affects children with symptoms that include stiffness, pa
pickupchik [31]

Answer:

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Explanation:

Arthritis is a term used to refer a group of diseases that affects the joints such as knees, wrists and fingers.

Juvenile rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that affects children which means the body attacks itself by mistakenly identifying its own cells as foreign .

The cause of this response is not yet known.

Some of the symptoms of the disease include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rush, fever, slowed growth and fatigue.

It has no cure but in some cases children seem to outgrow the disease.

7 0
3 years ago
Arrange these components of the mammalian immune system as it first responds to a pathogen in the correct sequence. I. Pathogen
Mrrafil [7]

Answer:

The correct sequence is:III) Antigenic determinants from pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes.

IV) Lymphocytes specific to antigenic determinants from pathogen become numerous.

II) Lymphocytes secrete antibodies.

I) Pathogen is destroyed.

V) Only memory cells remain.

Explanation:

Effective resistance against infection is essential for the development and functioning of the mammalian organism, and for it to be effective, multiple defense systems must be available. In order to meet these objectives, the body has developed a complex system of overlapping and interrelated defense mechanisms, which together can destroy or control almost all invaders.III) Antigenic determinants from pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes. It consists of the binding of the foreign antigen to the specific receptors existing on the membrane of mature lymphocytes. The B lymphocytes that mediate humoral immunity express antibody molecules on their surface, which bind to foreign proteins, polysaccharides or lipids in their soluble form; T lymphocytes, responsible for cellular immunity, express so-called T cell receptors (TCR), which recognize small sequences of antigenic peptides.

IV) Lymphocytes specific to antigenic determinants from pathogen become numerous.II) Lymphocytes secrete antibodies.

Activation phase: sequence of events that occur in lymphocytes as a result of specific antigen recognition. All lymphocytes undergo two fundamental changes: a) proliferation: expansion of antigen-specific clones and amplification of the protective response, in which the CD4 T lymphocyte, capable of activating CD8 B and T lymphocytes, assumes a preponderant role; b) differentiation: stage in which effector cells and memory cells are formed. The first produce various substances that can interact with the antigen, such as antibodies and lymphokines; the second are partially differentiated lymphocytes, that is, they do not become effector cells.

I) Pathogen is destroyed.

In this phase, the T lymphocytes differentiated into effector cells migrate to the sites of attack, where they carry out their functions of eliminating pathogens, while the B lymphocytes perform them in the peripheral organs themselves.

V) Only memory cells remain.

One of the most important consequences of the adaptive immune response is the establishment of the state of immunological memory, which lies in the ability of the immune system to respond more quickly and efficiently to microorganisms that have previously infected the host and it reflects the preexistence of a clonally expanded population of antigen-specific lymphocytes. We call, therefore, the immune response that the organism gives when it comes into contact for the first time with a foreign agent and from which a series of events derives that include nonspecific innate defense mechanisms and adaptive response mechanisms, if the pathogen manages to survive the first ones.

3 0
2 years ago
A human gamete has _____ chromosomes. <br> 13 <br> 21 <br> 23 <br> 46
Romashka-Z-Leto [24]
23 is the correct answer

3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
What are convergent boundaries?
boyakko [2]

Answer:

Explanation:

A convergent boundary (also known as a destructive boundary) is an area on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide. One plate eventually slides beneath the other, a process known as subduction. The subduction zone can be defined by a plane where many earthquakes occur, called the Wadati–Benioff zone.[1] These collisions happen on scales of millions to tens of millions of years and can lead to volcanism, earthquakes, orogenesis, destruction of lithosphere, and deformation. Convergent boundaries occur between oceanic-oceanic lithosphere, oceanic-continental lithosphere, and continental-continental lithosphere. The geologic features related to convergent boundaries vary depending on crust types.

Plate tectonics is driven by convection cells in the mantle. Convection cells are the result of heat generated by radioactive decay of elements in the mantle escaping to the surface and the return of cool materials from the surface to the mantle.[2] These convection cells bring hot mantle material to the surface along spreading centers creating new crust. As this new crust is pushed away from the spreading center by the formation of newer crust, it cools, thins, and becomes denser. Subduction begins when this dense crust converges with less dense crust. The force of gravity helps drive the subducting slab into the mantle.[3] As the relatively cool subducting slab sinks deeper into the mantle, it is heated, causing hydrous minerals to break down. This releases water into the hotter asthenosphere, which leads to partial melting of asthenosphere and volcanism. Both dehydration and partial melting occurs along the 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) isotherm, generally at depths of 65 to 130 km (40 to 81 mi).[4][5]

Some lithospheric plates consist of both continental and oceanic lithosphere. In some instances, initial convergence with another plate will destroy oceanic lithosphere, leading to convergence of two continental plates. Neither continental plate will subduct. It is likely that the plate may break along the boundary of continental and oceanic crust. Seismic tomography reveals pieces of lithosphere that have broken off during convergence

3 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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