Answer:
Receptors are highly specific and only have high affinity for those ligands for whom they are specific.
Explanation:
Receptors are proteins that receive a stimulus or bind a ligand and mediate effects via receptor effector system.
Receptors are macromolecules that are highly specific.
The affinity between the ligand and the receptors is determind by the disassociation constant Kd.
The receptors produce maximun effect when an appropriate specific stimulus is present.
Different recptors types are present for different ligands.
For example, muscrinic receptors are specific for acetycholine and adrenergic receptors are specific for adrenaline/nor adrenaline.
It is important to know the specificity so that the body remains in a state of balance.
The structure of a typical antibody molecule
Antibodies are the secreted form of the B-cell receptor. An antibody is identical to the B-cell receptor of the cell that secretes it except for a small portion of the C-terminus of the heavy-chain constant region. In the case of the B-cell receptor the C-terminus is a hydrophobic membrane-anchoring sequence, and in the case of antibody it is a hydrophilic sequence that allows secretion. Since they are soluble, and secreted in large quantities, antibodies are easily obtainable and easily studied. For this reason, most of what we know about the B-cell receptor comes from the study of antibodies.
Antibody molecules are roughly Y-shaped molecules consisting of three equal-sized portions, loosely connected by a flexible tether. Three schematic representations of antibody structure, which has been determined by X-ray crystallography, are shown in Fig. 3.1. The aim of this part of the chapter is to explain how this structure is formed and how it allows antibody molecules to carry out their dual tasks—binding on the one hand to a wide variety of antigens, and on the other hand to a limited number of effector molecules and cells. As we will see, each of these tasks is carried out by separable parts of the molecule. The two arms of the Y end in regions that vary between different antibody molecules, the V regions. These are involved in antigen binding, whereas the stem of the Y, or the C region, is far less variable and is the part that interacts with effector cells and molecules.
Answer:
the sun and carbon dioxide
Explanation:
Answer:
Terrestrial
Terrestrial ecosystems are land systems such as forests, deserts, grasslands, tundras and coastal regions. Depending on the biome's climate, more than one terrestrial ecosystem can be present. For example, tundras have less plant life because of lower temperatures; deserts produce fewer plants because of higher temperatures. A forest or grassland may have an extreme variety of plant life because its biome has the right amount of sunlight and moisture for many ecosystems, and species, to grow.
Lentic
Lentic is a class of aquatic ecosystems that are found on land, such as ponds, rivers, lakes, swamps and streams. Mostly, lentic ecosystems are described as still bodies of fresh water, and they are smaller ecosystems. Some lentic ecosystems contain animals and microorganisms, but they mostly rely on photosynthesis of algae and underwater plants to produce energy to thrive. One of the requirements of a lentic body of water is that it is exposed to the sun to encourage photosynthesis.
If thats what you are looking for......I guess this is what you want.
Answer;
-Vestibulocochlear
The cranial nerve transmits information about audition vestibulocochlear.
Explanation;
-The vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve transmits afferent impulses for the sense of equilibrium. The cochlear branch transmits afferent impulses for the sense of hearing.
-The vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for both hearing and balance and brings information from the inner ear to the brain. This nerve determines the human sense of equilibrium.
