Answer and Step-by-step explanation: The null and alternative hypothesis for this test are:
To test it, use F-test statistics and compare variances of each treatment.
Calculate F-value:
F = 1.8356
The <u>critical value of F</u> is given by a F-distribution table with:
degree of freedom (row): 20 - 1 = 19
degree of freedom (column): 20 - 1 = 19
And a significance level: α = 0.05
= 2.2341
Comparing both values of F:
1.856 < 2.2341
i.e. F-value calculated is less than F-value of the table.
Therefore, failed to reject , meaning there is <u>no sufficient data to support the claim</u> that sham treatment have pain reductions which vary more than for those using magnets treatment.