D. Your new-caught, sullen peoples, / Half-devil and half-child.
Explanation:
- Poem was written in 1899, at a time when Philippines were fighting for independence from the United States of America.
- Kipling clearly liked the idea of enslaving the people of one Asian country on the other side of the world. The White Man's Burden was written with the sole intention of persuading Americans not to give freedom to the Philippines.
- Poem is, by modern standards, extremely offensive. The author calls the population of another race your new-caught, sullen peoples / Half-devil and half-child.
- He criticizes them for not accepting white people as better than themselves and those who brought them to the light of day by colonization.
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Since the partition of British India in 1947 and creation of modern States of India and Pakistan, the two South Asian countries have been involved in four wars, including one undeclared war, and many border skirmishes and military stand-offs.
The Kashmir issue has been the main cause, whether direct or indirect, of all major conflicts between the two countries with the exception of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 where conflict originated due to turmoil in erstwhile East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
The answer is: The spending of public funds raised by borrowing rather than by taxation.
