Creationists criticize the idea of natural selection as a circular argument, or tautology, claiming "the fittest are those that survive, and survival is how fitness is defined. "
The definition of natural selection is not tautological because natural selection is measured by contribution to the next generation, not simply survival of an individual organism.
Tautologies or circular arguments are true at all times and therefore are not productive as theories since they cannot be disproved. A tautology is a statement which is true by necessity.
Natural selection is the prevalent theory which explains biological change by predicting the mechanism behind evolution.
Nevertheless, natural selection can be explained non-tautologically. It should be described as the theory which tries to speculate as well as retrodict evolutionary change by environmental forces affecting the organisms.
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The answer is <span>C.silent.
Nonsense, missense, silent, and frameshift mutations are point mutations. The point mutations are the change in a single nucleotide base on the DNA molecule. In a missense mutation, the change in a single nucleotide base results in a codon coding for a different amino acid. In a nonsense mutation, the change in a single nucleotide results in a stop codon or in a nonsense codon. Frameshift mutation, due to addition or deletion of a base, results in the change of reading frame and totally different translation. In all these cases, the change could lead to different of nonfunctional protein translation.
Silent mutation, on the other, means that change in a nucleotide base will no affect amino acid. It will result in a different codon, but the one that code for the same amino acid, so the same protein will be produced.
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Answer:
When we look at reproduction too they are similar. They both produce gametes that fuse to form a zygote. They both have DNA that replicates to produce copies of itself.
