<em>Kidney stones can stay in the kidney or travel down the urinary tract. A small stone may pass on its own, causing little or no pain. A larger stone may get stuck along the urinary tract. When a stone gets stuck it can block the flow of urine this causes severe pain and bleeding.</em>
Answer:
power elite theory
Explanation:
The answer is "power elite theory".
The power elite theory or the elite theory in sociology describes that a small group of wealthy and elite people have the most power in the society. They are the policy makers of the society. They proved themselves to be the most powerful people in the society leaving the common masses of the society with no power or very little decision making power.
These small group of wealthy and bold [people become the elite people of the society in whose hands most power lies.
Thus the answer is --
power elite theory
Answer:
Fading involves gradually decreasing the frequency of reinforcement for "not-exactly-right" behaviors.
Explanation:
Fading occurs as time passes, and a conditioned response is no longer reinforced:
<em>Fading also is known as Extinction occurred as Pavlov's dogs were no longer given food, so even if the sound they associated kept ringing, their saliva stopped in the absence of the food after a while. (which initially reinforced the conditioning) </em>
<em>It means that the operant behavior will not result in the reinforcing consequences and making eventually the conditioned behavior to stop happening. </em>
<em>If for any reason an exctincted behavior reappears again somehow it has gone through fading , it is called resurgence. </em>
Answer:Validity
Explanation:
Validity is measure of how valid the research is which means it gives solid relevant result which were initially intended. It is a test of how valid both your design and method of the research is.
There are various factors that can affect validity of the research.
There are internal factors that can affect validity of the research those are the ones that occur within the study such as failure to monitor vital variables of the study or using the inaccurate instrument to gather the needed data.
Below are the factors that has an impact on internal validity.
-size of the studied population
-instruments used
-history
-subject variability
-available time to gather data
- attrition
External validity are affected by the external factors such as the place where you conduct your research which may restrict the ability to obtain actual results . It can also be affected by the things like not being able to balance your subjects for example focusing on one gender and race eventhough your research is about all the types of people at large.
Crucial factors that affects external validity.
- The effect of time
- method use to collect data
- characteristics of the chosen population
- experiment effect
- interaction of subject selection
