Answer:
The colonies provided two things: some raw materials that represented a influx of capital for British entrepreneurs and industrialists to invest, and more importantly, provided one of the many markets that demanded the industrial goods that Britain produced.
On the other hand, the colonies did not provide much direct raw materials since most of the raw materials were available in Britain, mainly coal, which was by far, the main source of fuel. The labor force was also provided by British people, except for a few migrants.
<span>Commodore Perry was an American naval officer. He was notable for the signing of Convention of Kanagawa in 1854. This treaty was important in opening up Japan’s relations with Western countries, since prior to 1854, Europeans had almost limited or no contact with the Japanese. This volatile period saw the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate, where Japan concluded with the Meiji Restoration in 1868 and the development of Japan as a modern nation state.
Hence, Commodore Perry’s was significant as he allowed USA to be the first nation with extra territorial trading rights in Japan. Combined with the Asian security climate in the 1850s9Opium Wars, Arrow War, etc) and the rise of colonialism, Japan saw such pressures threatening and hence had to concede by opening of several ports to foreign trade. Hence, the privy council, on fear of having to deal with foreign colonists just like China had after the Opium Wars, decided to embark on a program of economic and military modernization, angering the conservative Imperialists (Shogunate). These factors cultimated to the economic development of Japan in the late 19th Century. Consequently, it can be said that Commodore Perry’s arrival led to a chain of events which propelled Japan not only as a military superpower but an economic force in Asia in the early 20th century.</span>
The correct option is A
The bureaucracy is necessarily hierarchical, first because of the iron law of the oligarchy and secondly because the bureaucracy grows adding more subordinate layers. As in the absence of a market there is no genuine proof of "merit" in government service to consumers, in a bureaucracy limited by rules, the hierarchy is often used as representative of merit. Increasing the hierarchy leads therefore to the promotion to the highest levels, while the expanded budgets take the form of multiplication of levels of ranks under you and expand your income and power. The bureaucratic growth takes place, therefore, multiplying the levels of the bureaucracy.
The first one is because they make the laws
