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timama [110]
3 years ago
12

Which best describes the outcome of DNA Replication

Biology
1 answer:
iris [78.8K]3 years ago
3 0
After DNA replication, there is always a new strand and old strand. (DNA contains two strands)
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Which two body systems interact to expel the waste product carbon dioxide
Pani-rosa [81]

Answer:

excretory system  and circulatory system

Explanation:

Blood is  part of circulatory system and as it move through various organs it exchanges the gases i.e give oxygen to the cell and take carbon dioxide from them. After taking CO2, the  blood becomes impure and hence it passes through the kidney before going to the heart. Kidney is part of excretory system which removes carbon dioxide from blood and thus purifies it.  

7 0
2 years ago
The monomers of nucleotides are?
DerKrebs [107]

Answer:

Nucleotides are organic molecules consisting of a nucleoside and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth.

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
What are trade winds?
Sever21 [200]

Answer:

The trade winds or easterlies are the permanent east-to-west prevailing winds that flow in the Earth's equatorial region (between 30°N and 30°S latitudes). ... The weaker the trade winds become, the more rainfall can be expected in the neighboring landmasses.

Explanation:

8 0
3 years ago
Outline the various levels of immunity regarding specific/non-specific, innate and adaptive.
Kay [80]

Explanation:

We are constantly being exposed to infectious agents and yet, in most cases, we are able to resist these infections. It is our immune system that enables us to resist infections. The immune system is composed of two major subdivisions, the innate or non-specific immune system and the adaptive or specific immune system (Figure 1). The innate immune system is our first line of defense against invading organisms while the adaptive immune system acts as a second line of defense and also affords protection against re-exposure to the same pathogen. Each of the major subdivisions of the immune system has both cellular and humoral components by which they carry out their protective function (Figure 1). In addition, the innate immune system also has anatomical features that function as barriers to infection. Although these two arms of the immune system have distinct functions, there is interplay between these systems (i.e., components of the innate immune system influence the adaptive immune system and vice versa).

Although the innate and adaptive immune systems both function to protect against invading organisms, they differ in a number of ways. The adaptive immune system requires some time to react to an invading organism, whereas the innate immune system includes defenses that, for the most part, are constitutively present and ready to be mobilized upon infection. Second, the adaptive immune system is antigen specific and reacts only with the organism that induced the response. In contrast, the innate system is not antigen specific and reacts equally well to a variety of organisms. Finally, the adaptive immune system demonstrates immunological memory. It “remembers” that it has encountered an invading organism and reacts more rapidly on subsequent exposure to the same organism. In contrast, the innate immune system does not demonstrate immunological memory.

All cells of the immune system have their origin in the bone marrow and they include myeloid (neutrophils, basophils, eosinpophils, macrophages and dendritic cells) and lymphoid (B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte and Natural Killer) cells (Figure 2), which differentiate along distinct pathways (Figure 3). The myeloid progenitor (stem) cell in the bone marrow gives rise to erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells whereas the lymphoid progenitor (stem) cell gives rise to the NK, T cells and B cells. For T cell development the precursor T cells must migrate to the thymus where they undergo differentiation into two distinct types of T cells, the CD4+ T helper cell and the CD8+ pre-cytotoxic T cell. Two types of T helper cells are produced in the thymus the TH1 cells, which help the CD8+ pre-cytotoxic cells to differentiate into cytotoxic T cells, and TH2 cells, which help B cells, differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies.

The main function of the immune system is self/non-self discrimination. This ability to distinguish between self and non-self is necessary to protect the organism from invading pathogens and to eliminate modified or altered cells (e.g. malignant cells). Since pathogens may replicate intracellularly (viruses and some bacteria and parasites) or extracellularly (most bacteria, fungi and parasites), different components of the immune system have evolved to protect against these different types of pathogens. It is important to remember that infection with an organism does not necessarily mean diseases, since the immune system in most cases will be able to eliminate the infection before disease occurs. Disease occurs only when the bolus of infection is high, when the virulence of the invading organism is great or when immunity is compromised. Although the immune system, for the most part, has beneficial effects, there can be detrimental effects as well. During inflammation, which is the response to an invading organism, there may be local discomfort and collateral damage to healthy tissue as a result of the toxic products produced by the immune response. In addition, in some cases the immune response can be directed toward self tissues resulting in autoimmune disease.

7 0
3 years ago
What does the sympathetic and parasympathetic do ?
svetlana [45]

The sympathetic and parasympathetic are responsible for the body's spontaneous actions, such as breathing, heartbeat, digestion, body temperature control.

<h3>What is the function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?</h3>

The sympathetic nervous system acts in an opposite way to the parasympathetic one, preparing the organism to react in situations of fear, stress and excitement, adapting the functioning of several internal systems to a high state of readiness.

In this case, the Sympathetic nervous system also controls body functions that are rarely conscious and parasympathetic nervous system the part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for stimulating actions that allow the body to respond to calm.

See more about sympathetic and parasympathetic at brainly.com/question/10068888

#SPJ12

8 0
2 years ago
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