The correct matches are as follows:
1. SCIENTIFIC DATA: Compared to the yearly average of 6.5 million square kilometers between 1979 and 2010 for September, the Arctic sea ice shrank below 4 million square kilometers in September 2012, which is lower than any minimum value observed in the last three decades.
Scientific data refers to an information that was obtained by the use of scientific method, which involves using specific and relevant techniques to collect, study and analyze information. Scientific data are usually obtained by performing experiments under controlled conditions using methods that reduced bias in the experiments to the barest minimum. Scientific facts and data that have been validated by other scientists usually serve as reliable sources.
2. ASSOCIATION: According to Morten Olsen, chair of a recent Arctic council assessment of changes on Arctic snow-and ice-conditions, "Changes in the climate and cryosphere risk fundamentally altering the Arctic ecosystems."
Association is a kind of persuasion technique in which an idea is linked with something or fact that is already known. The method basically involves connecting thing together and leading the readers or audience to follow the link.
3. EXPERT OPINION: Sip a cup of Turbo Brown to taste the liberating power of flying through your day's work like a cruising jet.
An expert opinion refers to the view of an individual, who is a specialist in a particular field or subject. This type of individuals have acquired much skills and know how through study in a specific field and their knowledge is so respected that their opinions can be quite helpful in fact finding and problem solving.
4. EMOTIONAL APPEAL: If we don't step up our efforts, the melodious songs of these beautiful birds might be silenced forever.
Emotional appeal is a type of persuasive technique in which the speaker talks in a manner that makes him to get emotional response from his audience. This method is often used in order to manipulate the audience to make emotional decisions that are in line with the speaker's desires. In this method, the speaker use emotions rather than valid logic to win argument.
