D). Beliefs are not scientific.
Answer:
C. Coupled reactions establish an electrochemical gradient across a membrane.
Explanation:
- During cellular respiration in mitochondria, and during photosynthesis in chloroplasts, the electron transport chain requires a proton gradient to pump protons across the membrane by active transport.
- Protons flow back across the membrane by facilitated diffusion through ATP synthase, which utilizes them to phosphorylate ADP to ATP.
- This process of ATP synthesis by harnessing the elctrochemicaal gradient geenrated by the diffusion of protons across the biological membrane through ATP synthase is called chemiosmosis.
<span>A grassland is a biome having predominantly grasses, and some woody shrubs, instead of trees and forests. So, Yes they do.</span>
The principal advantage of asexual reproduction is that the organism does not have to waste time or energy looking for a mate.
