Similar to the other types of muscle, smooth muscle contraction is caused by the sliding of myosin and actin filaments over each other. Calcium initiates contractions in a different way in a smooth muscle than in a skeletal muscle.
Smooth muscles use less energy to generate the given amount of force, can substain contractile force without fatigue & uses calcium from the sarcoplasic reticulum & extracellular space.
O2 or Oxygen gas is released into the environment as a result of photosynthesis.
A researcher was studying mutations in bacteria. He found that certain bacteria had changes in their DNA that allowed them to be resistant to antibiotics. This research is an example of <u>evolutionary genetics.</u> The mutation will lead to <u>all the bacteria becoming resistant to the antibiotic.</u><u> </u>
Genetic evolution :
Evolutionary genetics examines the relationship between genetic variation and evolutionary change. As a result of the recent expansion in the availability of whole genome sequence data, large amounts of genetic data are being produced at an increasing rate, making programming an indispensable tool for researchers.
The spread of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria is a straightforward and elegant example of adaptation through natural selection. Through mutations that alter the biological targets of antibiotics or by obtaining resistance genes from other bacteria, microorganisms can develop resistance to antibiotics.
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