Cognitive theories are the studies of mental processes such
as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity,
and thinking, which is why they most strongly emphasize the principles of prior
knowledge. The most influential scientist in area of cognitive theories was Jean
Piaget who stated that babies are born with memory of the prenatal period and
have primitive intelligence. This two facts are very important base (prior
knowledge) for later learning which he divided in four stages: Sensorimotor
stage, Preoperational stage, Concrete operational stage and Formal operational
stage.
