It entails being out of touch with reality, where your optimism isn't grounded in comparison to the situation you're in.
For example, imagine climbing Mount Everest and you underestimate the weather, which are underestimating obstacles and risks.
Perceptual is a mental predisposition that functions as a lens through which we perceive the world and our learned concepts (schemas) prime is to organize and interpret ambiguous stimuli in certain ways.
example of perception: knowing when to try a different technique with a student to increase their learning
example of schemas: in Piaget’s theory of development, children construct a series of schemata, based on the interactions they experience, to help them understand the world
Piaget’s (1936) Theory: cognitive development explains how a child constructs a mental model of the world. He disagreed with the idea that intelligence was a fixed trait, and regarded cognitive development as a process which occurs due to biological maturation and interaction with the environment. He was also a Psychologist. (this is just something in case your teacher asks about piaget’s theory/what it was about)
Hope this helps!
