Answer:
Date and latitude interact to determine photoperiod, the daily period of daylight. This interaction has important implications for latitudinal migrants for whom daylight may be a resource or for whom photoperiod regulates annual transitions in life‐history stages (i.e. birds).
Using an established formula, we developed user‐interactive, animated models that enable the visualization of how latitude and date determine photoperiod for latitudinal migrants. We also calculated the photoperiodic schedules for a broad range of hypothetical migratory programmes and real migratory programmes newly available through the proliferation of citizen‐science data. This enabled us to infer the limitations some migratory programmes place on mechanisms for photoperiodic regulation of annual breeding.
In the vast majority of cases, the act of migrating elevates annual daylight exposure. This raises the hypothesis that daylight availability selects for latitudinal migration, potentially contributing to its evolution in animals such as diurnal birds with limited time during the spring and summer to feed young. However, photoperiodic mechanisms regulating annual cycles could constrain the evolution of such migrations, depending on how they affect photoperiodic schedules. Most migratory programmes are consistent with known mechanisms of avian photoperiodism, but the range of feasible mechanisms declines for transequatorial migrants, which experience semi‐annual, 180°‐phase‐shifts in their photoperiodic cycles.
Understanding photoperiodic constraints on migration are particularly important in this age of changing latitudinal distributions and phenologies driven by climate change.
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The P wave of the electrocardiogram is considered as a signal from the DEPOLARIZATION of the atria in the heart. This depolarization drives the contraction of the atrial musculature.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a device that records the electrical activity of the heart. This record can then be used to diagnose different heart conditions.
The P waves occur when the sinoatrial node generates an action potential which is capable of depolarizing the atria.
This depolarization is then followed by atrial contraction and an increase of the pressure in the atria.
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Answer:
c
Explanation:
because, it just makes sense
