Answer:
DNA ligase
Explanation:
DNA replication is a process whereby a particular DNA makes a copy of or synthesizes itself. It consists of several steps with some important enzymes for successful, error free replication. The various steps are as follows;
- Unwinding of the double helix structure of the DNA and formation of replication fork. The enzyme involved here is the DNA helicase.
- Primer, a short piece of RNA becomes synthesized and binds to the 3' end of one of the 2 strands of the DNA, the leading strand. The enzyme involved is the DNA primase.
- Replication of the <em>leading strand</em> then proceeds with the elongation of the primer through the addition of bases in the 5' to 3' direction leading to the formation of continuous strands.
- The other strand of the DNA, known as the <em>lagging strand </em>starts its own replication by binding with multiple primers at different regions of the strand. Bases are then added to each primer leading to the formation of several, short discontinuous DNA strands known as Okazaki fragments. The enzyme involved in the elongation process is the DNA polymerase.
- Next is the termination of the replication process after the formation of the continuous and discontinuous strands. Exonuclease enzyme removes primers from the synthesized strands. Primers are replaced by appropriate DNA bases and the Okazaki fragments are joined to form a unified DNA strand by an enzyme known as the DNA ligase.
The many, few nucleotides long DNA segments observed by the Biochemist are the Okazaki fragments that should have been joined together by the DNA ligase.
Hence, DNA ligase must have been the component left of the mixture.
Answer:
Squirrel: Digestive, Circulatory, Muscular, and Nervous systems.
Soccer: Skeletal/muscular, circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems.
Explanation:
The body systems are skeletal, muscular, digestive, respiratory, nervous, and circulatory. All of them interact and work together as a whole to the proper individual development and performance.
We might say that in both cases, all the systems are interacting. However, we can mention four of them for each situation.
The squirrel
This animal seems to be feeding on the top of a tree, sitting on a branch where it keeps its balance not to fall.
- The digestive system is working to break food into smaller pieces that are more suitable to swallow and absorb the available nutrients.
- The circulatory system takes those nutrients and transports them together with the oxygen to different cells in the organisms where they are needed.
- The muscular system makes it possible to keep the animal´s balance in the branch and not fall.
- The nervous system controls everything in the organism. The nervous system controls all the body activities. It is in charge of keeping equilibrium while eating and being alert, among many other functions.
The soccer player
This person is about to hit the ball to make a goal. He seems to be coordinating his arms and legs move to make it possible.
- The muscular and skeletal systems are working together to provide support to the body and strength. They allow the movement of the whole body to make the goal.
- The respiratory system is also involved in this person´s performance while he is running. He needs to keep constant respiration to inhale enough oxygen needed while running and exhaling waste gases.
- The circulatory system transports the oxygen to different cells in the organisms where they are used according to their needs, especially the muscle cells. This system also takes away the wastes substances.
- The nervous system controls all the body activities. It is in charge of keeping equilibrium and coordinated moves while running, being alert on other players and focused on the ball, controlling the player´s thoughts and strategies during the game, among many other functions.
Answer:B.) Substitution
Explanation: Mutations are permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule. Substitution leads to a point mutation if only one nucleotide is replaced by another.
A substitution mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides in a DNA sequence is replaced by another nucleotide.
Example of substitution is in sickle cell hemoglobin in which valine replaces glutamate at position six in the two beta chains of hemoglobin. In a normal hemoglobin, the two beta chains of hemoglobin have glutamate at the sixth position but in a sickle cell hemoglobin, valine is found at position six on the two beta chains. This is also an example of a point mutation.
The correct answer is the release of free radicals. In accidental injuries such as a pulled muscle, there will be a subsequent inflammation and the inflammatory process involves the release of inflammatory mediators which then will increase the migration of inflammatory cells (i.e. neutrophils, lymphocytes) on the site of inflammation. This influx of inflammatory cells will produce a large amount of free radicals (i.e. hydrogen peroxide, superoxide ions) which then will damage DNA.
Answer:
You would get a loose curl pattern. around maybe 3b
Explanation:
