The conquest of Peru is the historical process of annexation of the Inca Empire or Tahuantinsuyo to the Spanish Empire. It is considered that began on November 16, 1532 when an Inca army met in Cajamarca with the Spanish conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro, shortly after the end of the civil war between the two heirs to the Inca throne, Huáscar and Atahualpa (sons of the Inca Huayna Cápac). In this meeting, Atahualpa, who was still celebrating his triumph over Huáscar, was taken prisoner by the Spaniards and months later executed on July 26, 1533. Later the Spaniards, allied with the Cañaris, Chachapoyas and other ethnic groups until then vassals of the Incas, they marched to Cuzco, the capital of the empire, where they entered on November 14, 1533 and proclaimed Manco Inca as a new Inca, with the intention of turning him into a puppet king. But soon Manco led a war of reconquest, besieging Cusco and the newly founded city of Lima (1535). Although they caused great casualties to the Spaniards, Manco finally had to retire to the wild mountains of Vilcabamba, where he installed the seat of the Inca monarchy (1538), while the rest of the territory was occupied by the Spaniards, who carried forward the process of settlement and colonization. The reign of these Incas of Vilcabamba would last until 1572, when the Viceroy Francisco de Toledo would execute the last of them: Túpac Amaru I. The conquest of the Inca Empire lasted then, in property, forty years (1532-1572).
