Stare decisis is a legal doctrine that necessitates courts to follow historical cases when creating a ruling on a similar current or future case. Stare decisis safeguards that cases with identical facts be approached in the same way, except overruled by the same court or a higher court such as the US Supreme Court. Simply put, it binds courts to follow legal precedents set by previous decisions. Stare decisis is a Latin term meaning "to stand by that which is decided". The US common law system has a integrated system of determining legal matters from the principle of stare decisis and precedent. A past ruling or judgment on any circumstance is known as a precedent. Stare decisis commands that courts look to precedent when overseeing an on-going case with similar circumstances.
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Answer:
There is a pronounced dualism in West Africa.
Explanation:
Dualism is the <em>conceptual separation of 2 premises, ideas</em>, etc. which tend to be opposite points of view.
In this case we can see the dualism in West Africa;
- An <em>"official" legal system</em> which is inherited from the former colonial masters.
- An <em>"unofficial" system</em> which operates beneath the surface.
Both systems, as we can see, are <em>opposed ideologies</em> showing the <em>dualism and separation</em> in West Africa's legal systems.
<span>This seems to be a way to reduce anxiety and desensitize herself to the experience. When
we have a traumatic event, psychologists always recommend talking about
the topic, because doing so we do a process called catharsis, which
consists in expressing our emotions through speech or any other type of
expression. <span>The more we do catharsis the more we will lower anxiety levels and desensitize ourselves on the subject.
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