Answer:
Human gametes should contain <u>23 </u>chromosomes each. This number would be considered the <u>haploid </u>number for humans. The symbol for this is <u>n</u>.
Explanation:
Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells. Female gametes are called egg cells, and male gametes are called sperm.
In most organisms, somatic cells (all cells except for gametes) are diploid, whereas the gametes tend to be haploid. Haploid cells have a single set of chromosomes, while diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes.
When it comes to human cells, somatic cells have 46 chromosomes. This means that each gamete has 23 chromosomes. This is called the haploid number and is marked by a lowercase <em>n</em>. This number refers to the total number of chromosomes found in a gamete (for human cells n=23).
Answer: Paracrine
Explanation:
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell signaling in which a cell produces a signal that induces changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over relatively short distances (local action), unlike endocrine factors (hormones that travel considerable distances over the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling.
<u>Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into their immediate extracellular environment. </u>These factors then travel to nearby cells where the gradient of the factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance a paracrine factor can travel is not known with certainty. Paracrine signaling is a form of cell signaling in which a cell produces a signal that induces changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. <u>Molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over relatively short distances</u>, unlike endocrine factors (hormones that travel considerable distances over the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling.
Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into their immediate extracellular environment. These factors then travel to nearby cells where the gradient of the factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance a paracrine factor can travel is not known with certainty.
In the case of infection, cells of the innate immune system secrete different cytokines into their immediate extracellular environment that attract other immune system cells such as neutrophils and lymphocytes, to fight the infection.
These are called Circumvallate papillae
Answer:
Her muscles are going through a stage of anaerobic respiration called Lactic Acid Fermentation and are producing lactic acid due to the fact that there aren't enough oxygen molecules present. This is causing there to be much less ATP produced but at a quicker rate. Her soreness is due to the building up of lactic acid in her muscles.
Explanation:
Cell respiration has two categories, anaerobic and aerobic. Anaerobic respiration happens when there is no or not enough oxygen present to go through Aerobic respiration. When you're doing high energy activities (such as running), your body doesn't have enough oxygen to go through the full aerobic respiration process and resorts to anaerobic respiration which, for animals, ends with Lactic Acid Fermentation. Doing this produces quick energy with the downside of also producing lactic acid which causes soreness in muscles.
