I NEED HELP WITH A QUICK BIOLOGY QUESTION!
1 answer:
Answer:
The correct answer is Each nucleotide is connected to three nitrogenous bases.
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a genetic material composed of nucleotides.
- Each nucleotide is made up of three elements: a phosphate group, a sugar group (deoxy ribose), and a nitrogenous base.
- There are four types of nitrogenous bases found in the DNA : adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C).
- Phosphate binds to a sugar group with the help of ester bond and sugar binds to a nitrogenous base with the help of glycosidic bond.
- Nucleotides bind with each other with the help of phospodiester bond to form the polynucleotide chain.
- The two nucleotide chains are held together with the help of hydrogen bonding between nitrogenous bases of two strands. They form the double helical structure of the DNA.
- The two strands lei in anti-parallel orientation.
- It is also important to note that adenine always binds with thymine with the help of two hydrogen bonds and guanine always binds with cytosine with the help of three hydrogen bonds.
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This question is incorrect but here is the correct question below;
An additional gene,gene W was also examined. a test cross was made between true breeding EEWW flies and eeww flies. The resulting F₁ generation was then crossed with eeww flies. 100 offspring in the F₂ generation were examined and it was discovered that the E and W genes were not linked.
Which is the correct genotype of the F₂ offspring if the genes were linked and if the genes were not linked?
a) Linked: 50% EeWw and 50% eeww; not linked: 25% EeWw, 25% Eeww, 25% eeWw and 25% eeww.
b) Linked: 25% Eeww, 50% eeWw; not linked:parental genotypes EeWw and eeww.
c) Linked genotypes (EeWw and eeww) and recombinant genotype ( Eeww & eeWw) in the F₂ generation are nearly the same irrespective of their linkage.
d) Linked: mostly with parental genotypes, Eeww and eeWw; unlinked: 25% EeWw and eeww with 75% Eeww and eeWw.
Answer:
a) Linked: 50% EeWw and 50% eeww; not linked: 25% EeWw, 25% Eeww, 25% eeWw and 25% eeww.
Explanation:
a test cross was made between true breeding EEWW flies and eeww flies
If EEWW self crossed, we have the following ( EW, EW, EW, EW)
Also, for eeww, we have ( ew, ew, ew, ew)
EW EW EW EW
ew EWew EWew EWew EWew
ew EWew EWew EWew EWew
ew EWew EWew EWew EWew
ew EWew EWew EWew EWew
All offspring are (EWew)
The question goes further by saying "The resulting F₁ generation was then crossed with eeww flies".
And we are asked to find the correct genotype of the F₂ offspring if the genes were linked and if the genes were not linked
∴
To determine the offsprings of the linked genes we need to go by the definition and understand what linked genes are: Linked genes are genes that are physically close together on the same chromosomes. Effect of recombinantion on linked genes, results in gene swaps which occur in chromosomes that are homologous.
Having said that; If EWew × eeww
we have; EW & ew × ew & ew
EW ew
ew EeWw eeww
ew EeWw eeww
offspring that
are linked in ⇒ EeWw EeWw & eeww eeww
F₂ will be
= 50% of EeWw of the total 100 offspring in the F₂ cross
= 50% of eeww of the total 100 offspring in the F₂ cross
∴ Linked genes = 50% EeWw and 50% eeww.
For unlinked genes; If EWew × eeww
if rearrangement occurs in EWew and EWew self crossed, we have ( EW,Ew,eW,ew) as the traits needed for the unlinked gene F₂ crossing.
Also ewew will be (ew, ew, ew, ew).
EW Ew eW ew
ew EeWw Eeww eeWw eeww
ew EeWw Eeww eeWw eeww
ew EeWw Eeww eeWw eeww
ew EeWw Eeww eeWw eeww
We have the following results for the unlinked genes
= EeWw 25% of the total 100 offspring in the F₂ cross
= Eeww 25% of the total 100 offspring in the F₂ cross
= eeWw 25% of the total 100 offspring in the F₂ cross
= eeww 25% of the total 100 offspring in the F₂ cross
∴ not linked: 25% EeWw, 25% Eeww, 25% eeWw and 25% eeww.