Explanation:
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A bureaucratic institution that operates primarily without executive or legislative oversight is referred to as an independent regulatory agency.
<h3>What are the functions of independent regulatory agencies?</h3>
Independent regulatory agencies are federal agencies that are apart from the executive departments and were established by an act of Congress.
Despite the fact that they are part of the executive branch, these agencies are intended to impose and implement regulations without regard for political considerations.
The regulatory agency is an independent governmental entity formed by statute to develop and enforce standards in a certain field of activity, or operations, in the private sector of the economy.
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Answer: The company can protect its investment from competitors by patenting the new chip.
Explanation: A patent is a declaration that prevents competitors from manufacturing a product for a designated period of time.
The government carries out the goal of economic stability in a number of ways both through fiscal and monetary policies. The Federal Reserve which is an independent government agency which controls monetary policy of the U.S. Government with the goal of stabilizing the economy. Congress and the executive branch also seeks to create economic stability by impacting fiscal policy through spending and taxation.
Explanation:
Point-wise explanation is given below:
i) The anti-defection law was introduced to curb the growing trend of elected representatives who changed political parties to become ministers or to get cash rewards.
ii) The affidavit requirement was an order passed by the Supreme Court as a measure to curb the challenge of money and muscle power.
iii) The third reform measure was made by the Election Commission where for all political parties it was mandatory to hold regular elections and also file their income tax returns.
<u><em>Besides these, many suggestions are often made to reform political parties:</em></u>
iv) It should be made mandatory for political parties to give a minimum number of tickets, about one-third, to women candidates. Similarly, there should be a quota for women in the decision-making bodies of the party.
v) There should be state funding of elections. The government should give parties money to support their election expenses. This support could be given in kind: petrol, paper, telephone etc. Or it could be given in cash on the basis of the votes secured by the party in the last election.
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