A proton gradient is an important part of both photosynthesis and cellular respiration because couple the favorable flow of H+ to transport specific metabolites into and out of organelles.
<h3>What is the proton gradient?</h3>
The gradient is sometimes called the proton-motive and can be thought of as a form of energy, force and force in a battery. Like other ions, protons are not able to cross directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane, as the interior of the membrane is hydrophobic.
The proton gradient generated by this manipulation provided a driving force for ATP synthesis in the absence of light. This confirms the chemiosmotic theory, where a chemical potential across the membrane can provide energy for ATP synthesis.
The proton gradient produced by pumping protons during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP.
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Answer:
D.->6N
Explanation:
This is because <-2 N + -> 8 N
= <-2 N + -> 2 N + -> 6 N
= 0 N + -> 6 N
= -> 6 N
Glacial evidence discovered in South America demonstrates how climate change evidence has bolstered the notion of continental drift. Folded mountains in Africa and South America. Thus, the correct option is D.
Climate change is happening all across the planet on a daily basis. This is primarily due to human activities that have had an impact on the atmosphere and the earth.
<h3>
What is continental drift?</h3>
Continental drift is basically the hypothesis that the continents once constituted a single landmass, disintegrated, and drifted to their current places.
The discovery of glacial evidence in South America has led to a greater acceptance of the continental drift idea.
Finally, we can conclude that glacial evidence discovered in South America demonstrates how climatic change evidence supports the hypothesis of continental drift.
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The correct answer is (a.) a mutation of the hemoglobin allowing better oxygen-carrying capacity. The mutation of the hemoglobin that allows a better oxygen-carrying capacity would be the most beneficial to an elephant and its descendants.
