It is mutualism because the human and the Lactobacilli need each other for their health. Mutualism is when two species benefit. That is what is happening in this scenario.
Answer:
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Operons afford the organism the opportunity to
simultaneously regulate transcription of multiple genes, whose products are
active in the same process. Operons lead to the synthesis of groups of functionally
related enzymes, usually from a single mRNA transcript hence makes regulation of
the genes highly efficient.
Answer:
Hydrogen ion (H+) pumps work against their concentration gradient and therefore they need energy inputs from sources such as ATP
Explanation:
The hydrogen ion (H+) pumps are proteins that move protons across biological membranes. These pumps use energy in the form of ATP in order to generate a proton gradient on one side of the membrane. For example, in plants, H+ pump ATPases are able to generate an electrochemical gradient in the plasma membrane. In this case, the proton gradient is employed to drive secondary transport processes, thereby enabling the uptake of diferent metabolites such as nutrients, sugars, amino acids, etc., from the extracellular space.
b. phosphate. The polar head of a phospholipid is negatively charged and is made up of phosphate molecules. This polar head region attracts water (hydrophilic) and is positioned outward to interact with water.
