A government that was based on representation not a ruler refers to democracy and not monarchy. Democracy refers to type of government that is made up of nation's people that is elected by the population of nation either directly or indirectly while a monarchy refers to a type of government in which supreme power is in the hand of one single person who is the independent ruler. Because the government is elected via election in monarchy an election commission is the most important governing group for establishment of a type pf government that is based on representation and not a ruler.
b) the preservation of the United States and its democratic system
Lincoln wanted to preseve the nation
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Afghanistan is a Mediterranean country located in the Middle East. The overall conditions of the country are not favorable, as it has a negative trade balance (what it exports v what it imports) of more than 4 billion dollars annually. GDP per capita is less than 2000 dollars a year per citizen.
Regarding social matters, it is one of the top countries where human rights are strongly questioned, as there is a large gap of inequality of rights between Men and Women and there is little to none religious tolerance aside from the official Muslim religion.
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