The correct answer is <span>(3) control of Jerusalem by Europeans
Jerusalem was in control by the Muslims from that area. When the first crusade was initiated it was done so to retake Jerusalem from the Muslims. The Europeans managed to do this and a long period of time passed before Muslims managed to reclaim it again for themselves. In the meantime, the Europeans had Jerusalem and tried to control the area.</span>
It was YUUUUGGEE. Due to the inflow of immigrants cheap labour was common so that was one of the biggest factors of th the industrial revolution along with the great rural-urban migration of many americans