In France the revolutionary events ended the July Monarchy (1830–1848) and led to the creation of the French Second Republic. Following the overthrow of King Louis Philippe in February 1848, the elected government of the Second Republic ruled France. ... Louis Napoléon went on to become the de facto last French monarch.
The first blank would be Joseph Stalin and the second would be Leon Trotsky
I believe it's asking you how many votes you need to get the majority. example: in a presidential election, more than 50% is the majority.
Sunni and shia The division into these two denominations of Islam happened after the death of Prophet Muhammad, when there was contention as to who would be his successor. Some people (Sunnis) believed that only someone who is capable enough should be given this responsibility while others believed that the leadership should stay with only members of Prophet's family(Shias).