Answer:
d. less than 100% of the energy captured from sunlight is transformed into potential energy in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient and then into potential energy in the form of covalent bonds
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is process utilized by plants, several bacteria and protists to convert the light energy to chemical energy. So they utilize the photosynthesis as the powerhouse for the energy production. Heterotrophs like human that cannot synthesize their own food, use this converted form of energy by autotrophs.
During the light reaction of photosynthesis the photons from light are absorbed by photosystem I and II. These photons excites the electrons which flow through the electron transport chain from higher potential to lower potential. These electrons release the energy while moving from higher potential to lower potential which is utilized by H+ pump to pump the H+ to lumen of plastids from stroma and of course not the 100% energy is utilized some of the energy dissipates. . So this process causes the accumulation of high potential H+ ions across the membrane. These H+ ions are utilized for the production of ATP by ATP synthase complex when they flow back to lower potential across the membrane through ATP synthase complex.
The ATP and NADPH produced from light reaction are utilized to combine carbon molecules during dark reaction. The covalent bond is used to combine the carbon molecules and we know that combining carbon molecules stores energy in the form of covalent bond.
The answer is D. Global warming causes the ocean temperatures to rise and also its pH to decrease due to increased dissolved carbon dioxide in the waters. Due to the unfavorable temperatures and pH, the algae dissociate from the symbiotic relationship with coral polyps (as a survival mechanism) hence leaving the coral white (coral bleaching). The symbiotic relationship is key for the survival of the coral polyps hence most die following the dissociation. This upsets the reef ecosystem and affects all aquatic organisms that depend on the reef.
<h2>Answer is option "c"</h2>
Explanation:
- Earth is the main planet in the solar system with a climate that can continue life. The cover of gases contains the air that we inhale as well as shields us from the impacts of warmth and radiation exuding from the sun. It warms the planet by day and cools it around evening time.
- Earth can bolster a wide assortment of living creatures in view of its different territorial atmospheres, which run from the outrageous cold at the posts to tropical warmth at the Equator. The local atmosphere is regularly portrayed as the normal climate in a spot over 30 years. A district's atmosphere is frequently portrayed, for instance, as bright, breezy, dry, or damp. These can likewise portray the climate in a specific spot, yet while the climate can change in only a couple of hours, the atmosphere changes over a more drawn out range of time.
- Earth's worldwide atmosphere is normal of territorial atmospheres. The worldwide atmosphere has cooled and warmed since the beginning. Today, we are seeing strangely fast warming. The logical accord is that ozone harming substances, which are expanding a result of human exercises, are catching heat in the atmosphere.
- Hence, the right answer is option c " reduces the temperature extremes between day and night recycles."
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds between the two strands. It forms the so called replication fork.
Explanation:
The Sun emits radiation right across the electromagnetic spectrum, from extremely high-energy X-rays to ultra-long-wavelength radio waves, and everything in-between. The peak of this emission occurs in the visible portion of the spectrum.
