Answer:
D. The Abbasid state was headed by a caliph who was theoretically the state's supreme religious and political leader.
Explanation:
Caliphs concentrated in their hands religious and political power. The Abbasid caliphs, who reproached their Umayyad predecessors for behaving like secular rulers, tried to outline their own approach to government in Islamic terms and, accordingly, to the extent that they managed, they tried to adhere to a religious orientation in politics.
I believe some things that the U.S. had that made it ripe for rapid industrialization was the resources. The United States had fertile land, ocean access, rich mineral resources, forests, railroads.
Supremacy clause states that the Constitution, federal laws, and treaties constitute the supreme law of the land and that every institution should abide by those rules.
The traders who first made contact with the people of West Africa were from the European country of Portugal.
The Seventh Crusade was a crusade led by Louis IX of France from 1248 to 1254. Louis' Christian army was defeated by the Ayyubid army led by Fakhr al-Din ibn Shaykh al-Shuyukh and their allies, the Bahriyya Mamluks, led by Faris ad-Din Aktai, Baibars al-Bunduqdari, Qutuz, Aybak and Qalawun.
