Answer:
C) heat
Explanation:
An ecosystem comprised of biotic and abiotic factors interacting together, in a specified environment.
trophic levels of this ecosystem is the food chain or the level an organism is in the feeding level, this range from producer to tertiary consumer.
If we follow the pyramid of tropic level known as " Energy level" Heat is lost to the environment at each of the trophic levels of the ecosystem. The producer which has large area of the pyramid has a large energy, and as the primary consumer(second tropical level) which are herbivores feed on the producer(first tropical level)grass , it only takes just like 10% energy from the producer and the secondary consumer ( third tropical level) herbivores feed on primary consumer, and only get away with 10% of the energy and as the trend goes up the "Energy keep decreasing inform of heat" like that.
Answer:
1. Merocrine
2. Holocrine
Explanation:
Merocrine glands are the exocrine glands that synthesize their secretions on ribosomes attached to rough ER. These secretions are packaged by the Golgi complex into the secretory vesicles and are released from the cell via exocytosis. Tear glands, salivary glands are some examples of merocrine glands.
The cells of holocrine glands do not have vesicles but accumulate a secretory product in their cytosol. The mature secretory cells rupture to release the secretory product. This results in the presence of large amounts of lipids from the plasma membrane and intracellular membranes in secretions of these glands. One example of a holocrine gland is an oil-producing gland of the skin.
<span>Cytotoxic t-cell subpopulations are specialized to combat intracellular pathogens, whereas helper t-cell subpopulations are specialized to combat extracellular pathogens.
</span>Cytotoxic t-cell are CD8+ cells. Cytotoxic t-cell uses granzymes to <span>kill </span><span>intracellular bacteria, that lives in the cytosol such as viruses. They identify the pathogen forgein peptids that are bounded to MHC-I on the cell surface.
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cd4+ T helper (Th) cells include Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. They contribute to aliergic reactions and fighting extracellular parasites.
An action potential will not occur unless the membrane potential AT THE VOLTAGE GATED SODIUM CHANNEL reaches a level called THRESHOLD.
An action potential refers to the change in the electrical potential which occurs as a result of the passage of impulses along the membrane of muscle cells or nerve cells. An action potential occurs when there is depolarization of the cell membrane to the threshold stage.
Answer:
Zebra mussels feed on phytoplankton, which zooplankton need as a food source.
Explanation:
The population of zooplankton in Lake Erie and the Hudson River declined due to the arrival of zebra mussels because Zebra mussels feed on phytoplankton, which is the main source food of zooplankton. So due to limited or scarcity of food in the environment, the zooplankton die due to hunger that leads to the decrease of population of zooplankton in that environment.
