According to the context the term that adequately completes the fragment is Herd immunity.
<h3>What is herd immunity?</h3>
Herd immunity is a term to refer to a biostatistical phenomenon that originates in a population when most of it has become immune to a disease (due to previous infection or because it has been vaccinated) and the epidemiological chain is interrupted, causing an indirect form of protection against a disease by preventing unimmunized individuals from becoming infected.
According to the above, the appropriate term to complete the fragment would be herd immunity.
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Answer: Scientific Method
Explanation: The scientific method is used across many fields of study to make observations, evaluate ideas and postulate theories. It is the way scientists establish a fact. The aim of the scientific method is to differentiate facts from opinions or gut instinct such that a fact is true universally. To do this, an observation goes through several processes and may be proven by several experiments, and peer reviews before it can be declared a fact.
This is the kind of concept a utilitarian would agree on. If the result is positive for a large group of people, we should seriously consider doing it.
However, I would like to comment on this concept. In my opinion (and that's what you're asking for) there are situations in which the ends don't justify the means. You can e.g. think about mass-bombings to fight against terrorism. However, the possibility exists that innocent people will be hit, and will die. Therefore, the end don't always justify the means (in my opinion).
To raise awareness of the abuses of child labor, the NCLC hired sociologist Lewis Hine to photograph children working in fields, factories, mines, and city streets. His photos and reports, produced between 1908 and 1924, fueled public opinion and inspired Congress to enact national child labor legislation.
