If the production of a good created both external costs and external benefits, but the external costs were greater, without government intervention, a market economy will not produce the product at all.
In the production and consumption of goods and services, there exist costs that are passed on to a third party. The general public, who is ultimately responsible for paying for them, is in fact subsidizing goods and services with external costs.
External costs are still necessary to be paid for even when they are not included in the product's price. It is ultimately the responsibility of society as a whole to pay for external costs through taxes, accident compensation, medical expenditures, insurance premiums, deterioration in environmental quality, and losses in natural capital.
Usually, the price of goods and services includes External costs, which results in a higher overall cost. Because consumers frequently select the lowest options, clean, sustainable products have a pricing disadvantage.
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Answer:
<u>December 31, 2018</u>
Debit : Dividend $40,000
Credit : Shareholders for dividends $40,000
Explanation:
When dividends are declared, we Debit an Equity Element - Dividend and Credit the Liability - Shareholders for dividends.
Calculation of this dividend is made on the stockholders in existence at the on a stated date (January 15 in this case) and at par value ($2) as follows :
Dividend = 100,000 x $2.00 x $0.20 = $40,000
It is possible but there should be some type of criteria that needs to be met. For example, the market should have room for both products and the other important thing to have in mind is that the company must have sufficient resources in order to produce both products simultaneously.
disadvantage is that the land lord can raise the rent easily while you can not do anything about it.Lower insurance, When renting a home, we would most likely restricted to make any modification that we like to the home. (such as we are not allowed to change the color of the paint)
On the insurance front, renting a home has cheaper insurance since we are only paying for the protection of the personal goods that we keep on the home. We do not have to pay for property tax since the home is not belong to us.
But a benefit is that there is no mortgage.
Answer:
The bonds after tax yield is given as Pre tax yield X (1-tax rate)
After Tax Yield = 9% X (1-0.36) = 9%X0.64=5.76%
Answer: 5.76%
Explanation:
The after-tax yield of any financial instrument such as a bond or even stock dividends is the effective yield after the applicable taxes have been paid. Higher the tax rate, lesser is the after-tax yield for the investor.
To calculate your after-tax yield, you need to know both the rate of return on your investment and the tax rate that applies to those profits. First, convert your tax rate that applies to the earnings to a decimal by dividing by 100. Second, subtract the result from 1 to calculate the portion of your earnings that you get to keep after you pay taxes on them. Third, multiply the result by the rate of return on the investment to calculate your after-tax yield.
For example, say that you want to calculate the after-tax rate of return on your certificate of deposit. If your rate of return is 3 percent and the tax rate applied to that interest is 24 percent, start by dividing 24 percent by 100 to get 0.24. Second, subtract 0.24 from 1 to get 0.76 – the portion that you get to keep after accounting for taxes. Finally, multiply 0.76 by your overall rate of return of 3 percent to find your after-tax yield is 2.28 percent.
