There are numerous reasons, things like war, immigration, increased poverty, or things like unpredictable natural disasters. When a hurricane strikes and destroys entire cities and housing it has to be fixed quickly and that is spending that was not planned since you can't expect things like that. Wars often cost much more than what was planned because bad things happen and they need to be fixed. Immigration can lead to an increase in social welfare spending since not all immigrants find a job quickly and establish themselves in the society.
Answer: Option A : by themselves do not tell us what decisions the firm will make.
Explanation: Using the cost curve to make decisions is the function of the firm's internal decision mechanism
To bet , play games for money , risky .
Which company are you refereeing to,?
Answer:
b. Your portfolio has a beta equal to 1.6, and its expected return is 15%
Explanation:
when a portfolio is given, there exist the posibility to agregate the different calculations made, this is possible using the weights of the different assets whose are part of the portfolio, so in this specifinx example the beta portfolios is calculated as 1.6*50%+1.6*50%=1.6 and the expected return is calculated using the same logic 15%*50%+15%*50%. it does not apply for deviation of the portfolio, at this point is important to see that as there is not correlation coeficient, so there will no be calculated the covariance, so at the end the standar deviation aggregated is 0%
