I would use two sources of data for income and two for literacy. For average income I would consult the censuses if they were available at that time. In particular I would check the differences between the years 1800 and 1850. Also I would check employment records for the same trades/professions for the two years. For literacy, I would check the school records to see if there was an increase in youth completing high school and also check the university records to see how many graduates there were in the two years.
It was oftentimes very important for a medieval leader to have the Pope's blessing to rule because "<span>B) It provided legitimacy to the person's rule," since the Pope and the Church held a great deal of power in medieval society. </span>
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Answer:
I believe it would be the first option.
Explanation:
Europeans made the Berlin Conference which never included any African leaders to choose who gets what land.