A rapid lateral flow immunoassay is presented that uses carboxyl-modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles as labels that can be quantified by highly sensitive multi-channel electronic readers. The approach is generic in that it is likely to be applicable to numerous small molecules. The method permits both single- and multiplex assays at a point-of-need without sample pretreatment. It is user-friendly and offers attractive characteristics demonstrated here for detection of morphine, fentanyl and methamphetamine in . The competitive immunoassay uses commercially available reagents that do not require special permissions. After migration of sample, the lateral flow test strips are subjected to an alternating magnetic field at two frequencies. The response from the nanolabels is readout at a combinatorial frequency from the entire volume of a porous immunochromatographic membrane by the magnetic particle quantification technique.
application to the determination of drugs of abuse.
Estimating the detection time of a drug in urine is complex because of many different influencing factors and the lack of experimental data. Detection times vary depending on dose and route of administration, metabolism and characteristics of the screening and confirmation assays. Using a cut-off value of 1000 ng/mL, urinary samples can be positive for amphetamine for up to 5 days after intake of the drug.
Answer:
Glycolysis.
Explanation:
Glycolysis is a universal process that provides energy in the form of ATP molecules. It requires two molecules of NAD+, which are reduced to NADH during glycolysis. Thus, regeneration of NAD+ is necessary as if NAD+ is absent, glycolysis cannot be able to continue.
During anaerobic respiration (respiration in the absence of oxygen), fermentation takes place to regenerate NAD+ used in the process of glycolysis.
A. because the hormone secreted is parathormone which regulates the calcium in the blood.
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Answer:
It is a season in which fish reproduce.
Explanation:
Piracema is not name of the fish, its the name given to the period of the year when fish reproduce within the Paraguay River. The season of reproduction started from October till March, during this period the fish swim upstream to lay their eggs and reproduce. Thus the season is critical for the maintenance of fish populations in the waters of the rivers and lakes. Brazilian states prohibit fishing during this period in order to maintain fish population in the river.
Answer:
Explanation:
Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). DNA safely and stably stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells as a reference, or template. Meanwhile, mRNA is comparable to a copy from a reference book because it carries the same information as DNA but is not used for long-term storage and can freely exit the nucleus. Although the mRNA contains the same information, it is not an identical copy of the DNA segment, because its sequence is complementary to the DNA template.
