One of the most effective methods that can be used by researchers to avoid sampling bias is simple random sampling, in which samples are chosen strictly by chance. This provides equal odds for every member of the population to be chosen as a participant in the study at hand.
If during the vaginal cephalic delivery, there is a requirement of additional obstetric maneuvers after the head of the fetus has been delivered however the gentle traction is failed then this condition is known as shoulder dystocia.
Shoulder dystocia occurs when the shoulder of the baby gets stuck in the pubic bone of the mother after the head has been delivered due to which the baby retracts his head back into the birth canal.
Gestational diabetes is one of the conditions that impose a risk on the baby to have shoulder dystocia during the delivery.
Since in the given question it is mentioned that the mother has gestational diabetes and the head has been delivered but seems to retract back, this points out that the condition suspected is shoulder dystocia.
