The stylistic element used in the passage is incongruity. It is a form of satire or humor. Incongruity is used in an unsuitable time. For example, If a man were in a court room and belched loudly while receiving his sentence, that would be a use of incongruity. Another example would be if at a royal wedding the groom's pants fell down in the middle of the ceremony.
I am not completely sure but I think the answer is mine or miner. If you think about it you have to mine in order to get the ore out.
Hope this helps!!!
A system of signs that represent ideas is a language.
