Different forms of a given gene are known as alleles
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The probability of two tossed coins will come down as heads is 1/4. Because you have to calculate the probability of 1/2, multiplied with the probability of the other one - 1/2
E.coli consists of prokaryotic cells. A prokaryotic cell is a single celled organism, generally a bacteria. E. coli is a bacteria that lives in the intestines of people and animals.
a substrate is the surface on which an organism (such as a plant, fungus, or animal) lives. A substrate can include biotic or abiotic materials and animals. For example, encrusting algae that lives on a rock (its substrate) can be itself a substrate for an animal that lives on top of the algae.
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Answer:
Chargaff's rules state that DNA from any species of any organism should have a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of purine and pyrimidine bases, that the amount of guanine should be equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to thymine.