Helper T cells are very important cells in the adaptive immunity. They are required for almost all adaptive immune responses and They also help activate cytotoxic T cells and macrophages to attack infected cells.
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Gas exchange takes place in the millions of alveoli in the lungs and the capillaries that envelop them. As shown below, inhaled oxygen moves from the alveoli to the blood in the capillaries,
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Cell membrane can be described as the membrane which is present outside the cell or which separates the cell from the external environment. For an enzyme to pass through the external environment, it will have to pass through the ribosomes and the cell membrane.
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Yeast-two-hybrid technique is one of the most important molecular technique that can be used to study the interactions at the molecular level. The interactions between the protein and DNA-protein interaction can be studied by this technique.
If the individual wants to study the liver liver-specific receptor protein then yeast-two-hybrid technique can be applied. The interested protein that can acts as prey and bait proteins must be covalently linked with the other third protein known as the reporter protein. Then the activity of the reporter protein is studied with the interactions of the prey and bait protein.
