The government can do things not in the constitution as long as they abide by the rules of the constitution. The constitution was an outline written in 1787. It doesn't deal with everything in the world, as the list would be really long and things have changed since this time period. For example, the government can create banks. This is an implied power- a power not stated directly in the constitution but abides by the rules the government follows. This is how Alexander Hamilton persuaded people the constitution should be put into action. With implied powers, the government can do things not stated directly in the constitution. They couldn't do certain things because they are not allowed by implied powers. But for example, the government can have a twitter. This isn't in the constitution, but it isn't stated that the government can't have twitter
The Constitution is just an outline. It can be interpreted loosely; everything that is done does not have to be explicitly written. It is also accompanied by the Bill of Rights that gives the people rights. All acts of the government are kept in check by checks and balances of the three courts: Executive, judicial, and Legislative.
Angles directly across form each other as 1~3 and 2~4 will always be equal to one another. All you have to find is the degree of 2 or 4, by subtracting 13 by 180. Hope this helps
Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense made the colonist realised that these rights were something that they wanted and it made them begin to stand up for themselves since they saw that they way they were being treated wrongly and that its a better way to live life.