I believe the answer is chromosomes.
Chromosomes are basically coiled up pieces of DNA with proteins.
I hope this helps! If it doesn't, please reply.
The original roots of dodder usually die. As a parasitic plant that cannot produce its own chlorophyll, it breaks away from its root system as the roots has no apparent root cap nor apical meristems. Hence the "root" is not performing its very function of water and nutrient uptake. It then produces haustoria, a root-shaped fungi which penetrates host plant which makes the dodder parasitic.
Down syndrome, turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and fragile X syndrome.
